Getting a commercial driver's license combines federal minimum standards with procedures set by the driver's home state. Fees, documents, test scheduling, and intrastate rules vary, so use this guide with the current commercial driver manual from your state licensing agency.
1. Choose the correct CDL class
Class A generally covers a combination rated at 26,001 pounds or more when the towed vehicle is rated over 10,000 pounds. Class B generally covers a single vehicle rated at 26,001 pounds or more, including one towing 10,000 pounds or less. Class C applies to certain passenger or placarded-hazmat vehicles outside A and B. Use the Class A versus Class B comparison before paying for training.
2. Confirm age, license, and medical requirements
Drivers under 21 are generally limited to intrastate commercial driving and cannot obtain a federal hazardous-materials endorsement. Applicants need a valid license and must meet state identity and residency requirements. Many non-excepted drivers also need a DOT physical from a certified medical examiner. Review the 2026 medical certification guide.
3. Study for and obtain the CLP
The commercial learner's permit requires state knowledge testing for the class and endorsements sought. Bring the documents and medical status required by the state. A CLP holder may practice only with a properly licensed CDL holder and under the permit's restrictions.
4. Complete Entry-Level Driver Training
First-time Class A and Class B applicants, Class B holders upgrading to A, and first-time H, P, or S applicants must complete applicable ELDT with a provider listed in FMCSA's Training Provider Registry. Federal ELDT does not set a minimum number of theory or behind-the-wheel hours. The provider must cover the curriculum, assess proficiency, and report completion.
5. Hold the CLP for the required period
FMCSA requires the applicant to hold the CLP for at least 14 days before the CDL skills test. A state can impose additional scheduling or eligibility requirements.
6. Pass all three skills-test parts
- Vehicle inspection: identify and explain safety checks.
- Basic control: complete required backing and maneuvering exercises.
- Road test: demonstrate safe vehicle operation in traffic.
The test vehicle determines the class and can create restrictions. Testing in an automatic can produce an E restriction; testing without a full air-brake system can limit air-brake authority. Ask the school exactly which vehicle you will test in.
7. Receive the CDL and verify the record
Check the class, endorsements, restrictions, name, and expiration before leaving the licensing process. Keep medical certification current and follow employer qualification procedures before driving for work.
How long and how much?
There is no single federal training duration or tuition amount. School schedules, state fees, testing availability, housing, and employer-sponsored agreements vary. Get an itemized written price, confirm the provider in the federal registry, understand any repayment contract, and ask about testing equipment and completion rates.
Before choosing a school
- Verify the provider in the Training Provider Registry.
- Confirm classroom, range, and road instruction details.
- Ask which vehicle and transmission are used for testing.
- Read refund, retest, financing, and employment-contract terms.
- Compare real entry-level jobs in your hiring area.
When licensed, create a free driver profile through CDL Jobs Center and browse current CDL job openings.